Gas-analyzing apparatus.



J. W. HAYS. GAS ANALYZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 3, 1912.

1,077,342. Patented NOV. 4, 1913.

armi; l HHI I w f b l absorption,

unirnn srrrrs rosnrn w. nAYs, or cnrcneo, rrr-rivers.

To all, whommay concern .f

' Be it known that I, JOSEPH W. Hare, a

y citizen of the United States, residing in the A cation.

The invention relates especially to apparatus designedv to determineseveral or all of the constituents of. a gaseous mixture, such as forinstance'. esca/ping furnace gas, illuminating gas, producer gas and thelike.V

The invention consists .principally oat the novel means employed tosecure' speed in convenience in operation and protection of the absorber'liquids from the oxidizing influences oi the air.

In my applicationl for patent upon in strunientsl for the analysis ofgases, Serial Number 410,549', l claimed certain novelties in connectionwith the absorber chambers and the means of introducing the liquidsintosame. In my application for patent upon gas absorption apparatus,Serial Number' 564,746, l claimed certain improvements designed toprotect the absorber liquids from contact with the air. The presentinvention embodies certain additional im provements sinee the tiling ofthe above mentioned applications l attain the objects of my invention bythe means illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which similarletters and iigu-res-ret'er to similar parts throughout.

Figure 1 illust-rates an assembled view of the enti-re apparatus,principally in crosssection. Fig. 2 shows one of the cocks or' val-vesvin cross-section.

In Fig. 12, B is a gasmeasuring burjette` surrounded by a water-jacket,J and connected at the bottom byv means of a flexible'tube with theleveling bottle, L

L( C177, C C2 77 taining absorbers and are connected at O3, O4 and' O5 1respectively with the displacement chambers, D1, D3 and D3. The liquidsA1, A3 and A3 are absorbers for diierent gases, as for example, carbondioXid, oxygen and carbon monoXid. y y

C4 is a container for water and D4 a` displacement vessel connectedtherewith by the opening, 06 and having an 'air vent, O1 as shown.

Conneoted with the absorber vessels by Specification of Letters P'atent.Application filed July 3, 1912. Serial No; 707,647.

vwith' valve,

at its T connection with T1 C3 are vessels con-l lPatenteol Nov. 4,1913,

means of the rubbercouplings R2 R3 and R* are the inverted glasstunnels, t F1, c F2 77 into thev capillary tubes, T3, T4 .and T5 ,e-thelatter being furnished respectively with the valves V3 V3 and V4 1. T7is connected with the displace# ment vessel, D3 and leads through valveV3 TB is connected with the dispiacement vessel, D3 and leads throughVA1 Valves V3 and. V* are of 'simil-ar oo nst'ructiori and asillustrated -in;Fig. 2... The capillary;tubes,v T2 and T3 1 are.cenneeted byineans of a cross with thecapillary. tube of the burette, BT3 is connected with the tubes T1 land T5 also with' T3 which isAfurnished V3 and .connects 'with T9 and T3... T1 is provided withthevalve, V1 and4 is connected by ,flexible tube withthe` pump, P,-ztlielatter being .provided with .the push and pull valves, P1 and P3 `V3 andV3 are ordinary stop'cocks..

V1 yis an ordinary stopcock provided with an'air vent,'the latter beingopen to the at mosphere when the handle of vthe cock is in the obliqueposition as shown by the dotted lines.

N3 is a capillary tube connecting T3 with` the capillary Jtube ofJunn'el, F1-

X and'Y are ordinary" stopeocks.

In ea'eh of the absorber chambers and the Junnels connected' therewithis a filter composed of wire, steel wool, glass wool or any suitablesubstance. The object of this lilter, Z is torprovide large absorptionsurface and break up the gas as it tlows into the' absorption chambers.

The construction of the valves, V3 and V4. is such lthatw'hen`the "valveisin the open position as shown for V3 communication will be establishedbetween Q3 and B through the tubes T4 and T3 and'- also between D3 andC4 through the The valve, V1 in as show-n.; Tube.

oil or water. Assuming that the gases to be determined arecarbon dioxid,oxygen, carbon vmonoxitl, hydrogen and methane, the absorbers employedwould be as follows:

- For carbon dioxid, a strong solution of caustic potashin container,C1. For oxygen,

. an .l alkaline solution of'pyrogallic acid in container, C2. Forcarbon monoxid, a solution, preferably ammoniacal, of cuprous chlorid,in container C3. Container, C is lled vwith' water. The' liquids are all`drawn up into the capillary tubes above the container chambers by meansof the leveling f bottle.

The valve, V1 is rst placed in such position that-the air vent referredto is open.

This 'is accomplished f as follows:

The leveling bottle is then raised, whereupon water flows into B yfrom Land fills same, the air being driven out through the vent referred to.V1 is then closed, V2 opened and the Vleveling bottle lowered, whereuponthe solution in C1 is raised to the desired height.. In like manner theother liquids are raised to the points desired by opening vthe necessaryvalves and using the leveling bottle. The apparatus is now ready for thework of analysis, which is performed Y as follows: vThe pump, Pisconnected by means of a .rubber tube', or otherwise,- with the sourceofgas to be analyzed, V1 is opened and the pump, P worked with the hand,whereupon gas is pumped. into 13, displacing the water therein andbubbling outthrough the levelinghottle. L is next raised, whereupon theWater rises in 13,

lexpelllng some of the gas. V1 is closed when the Water reaches the zeromark. The gas hasnow been measured at atmospheric pressure and at thetemperature of the water 4in jacket ,l, lsurrounding the burette.-

V2 is next opened, whereupon the gas Hows from B into C1, .the levelingbottle being raised in order to force it all over. As the gas is passedover into C1, the absorber solution, A1, is displaced through Q3 intothe displacement chamber,'' D1. The filter, Z, is left wet withthissolution as the liquid descends. The -gas flows in over the wetlfibers or wires of the filter and the carbon dioxid is imme- `diatelyand completely absorbed. The gas lof the burette.. This scale, which ithas been difficult to 'show in the drawing, is etched .upon the glasstube, B. Itis a common practice to stand glass tubes'in theabsorpvsorption. surface.

tion vessels of gas analysis instruments, or tol fill such vessel withglass beads, broken quartz or other substances to provide ab- There areseveral objections to the'glass tubes,'viz. The tubes do not providesuflicient surface to insure rapid absorption, they do not serve theoffice of mixing the gas as it flows into the absorption chamber andunless considerable care is exercised the liquid will be displaced fromsome of the tubes faster than from others and this is liable to resultin some of the gas being. bubbled over from the absorption to thedisplacement chamber, thereby spoiling the analysis. The use of beads orother substances is objectionable on account of the bulk of same andalso on account of the fact that ygas bubbles are liable to be trappedamong the beads, thereby rendering the analysis inaccurate. I have foundthe use .0f\

a fibrous, filter highly satisfactory.y A very large surface is exposedand the gas is thoroughly mixed or cut .to pieces as it flows into theabsorption vessel. This' renders absorption extremely rapid. Steel woolmakes -an admirable filter for this purpose and a fine wire whenproperly packed is quite satisfactory. I have found that a completeabsorption of C02 can vbe obtained on live seconds exposure where this4filter .is employed, whereas with the glass tubes an exposure of fromthree to five minutes is n'ecessary. After the absorption of CO2, theoxygen should next 'be removed. `To accomplishthis the residue ofthe'gas sample is passed into C2 by turning V2 tothe open position shownin the drawing and raising the levelingbottle. A2 is displaced into 132,in turn displacing the air therein, which flows through T7 and T 1 into04, displacing the water contained therein into D4. The gas is thenreturned to 13, whereupon the liquids, A2 and W are drawn back to their\normal positions. The resulting contraction is read off on the scale ofthe burette and this is the percentage of oxygen. In like-manner thepercentage of CO is determined by passing the residue into C3,manipulating as described for the absorption of oxygen.

The liquids A2 and A3 are both oxygen absorbers and deteriorate veryrap- If'it is desired to determine the percentages of hydrogen andmethane the gas resi-y D1 may be employed in the vburette andremeasured. From the condouble purpose of'carbon dioxid absorption arenecessarily of glass,

` a gas measuring connected withsaid burette; a multiplicity `ofabsorption vessels, placement vessel connected with the bottom 'selbeing ,connected by tubes with each of .in each lof sa-id tubes; a.

due afterthe CO absorption `is `passed into .C This is accomplished byopening VW 'and using lthe leveling bottle.

quantity of oxygen gas is then measured olf burette and passed into 0*'following the gas. Proper connections are then made between the wiresof the electrodes, E and a spark coil which is in turn connected withvsuitable batteries. Contact is made andthe gas is ignited by the sparkwhich leaps between the electrodes. The gas is then returned to theburette, measured and passed into the chamber C1 from whence it is againreturned to the a stop `cock thereon; a leveling bottle con-A nectedwith said burette; a multiplicity of absorption vessels, each connectedby a tube having a stop cock thereon with -said buthe bottom of each ofsaid absorption ves' sels and a fibrous packing filling each .of saidabsorption vess ls.

3. A gas analysis apparatus consisting of a gas measuring burette havinga tube and a stop cock thereon; a leveling bottle connected with saidburette; a multiplicity of absorption vessels, each connected by a tubewith said burette and placement vessel connected with the bottomthereof; a stop cock on each of said tubes; two vessels, adapted tocontain a liquid and connected with each other near the bottoms thereof,the one chamber open at the top to the air and the other connected atthe top by means of a tube with thetop of each of said displacementvessels.

et. A gas analysis apparatus, consisting o'f a' gas measuring burettehaving a tube contraction following the explosion and that followingexposure to the potashv solution the percentages of hydrogen and methaneare arrived at by well known formulas.

If desired the potash chambers, C1 and for air sealing pur'- posesin'place of Ci and D4 To this end I have provided the tube W2 and thevalves or stop-cocks, X and Y lf Y is closed and X opened the air willbe displaced from D2 into C1 when the gas is passed into CL and from D3into C17 when the gas is passed into C3 'If it is not desired to analyzefor hydrogen and methane, the parts, C*t D* T9 E and Y may be omittedaltogether, the potash chambers and liquid serving the thereon; aleveling bottle connected with said burette; a multiplicity ofabsorption vessels, each connected at-the bottom thereof with adisplacement vessel and each being connected by a tube with a stop cockthereon with said burette;'a tube leading to each of said displacementvessels; a vessel adapted to contain a sealing liquid and a tube leadingfrom said .vesselv to said last mentioned tube.

5. A gas absorption and liquid sealing apparatus for a gas analysisinstrument consisting of an absorber vessel having a vdisplacement.vessel connected at the bottom! thereof; a liquid container vesselconnected at the bottom thereof with a displacement vessel open at theto to the atmosphere; a tube connecting sai container vessel with saidirstmentioned. displacement vessel; a tube leading from the top of saidabsorber vessel to a gas measuring burette and a com# mon valve in saidtubes by means .of which communication is simultaneously establishedbetween said absorber vessel and said burette and said container andsaid displacement vessel. I

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 8th day ofApril, A. D., 191,1.

JOSEPH W. HAYS. [1.. 5.]

and air seal during theprocess of absorbing oxygen and carbon monoxid.

' he entire apparatus, except the tube,

R1 and the pump, P may be made of glass if desired. All parts, exceptingB and F3, which may if desired be cast of metal.

I claim: i

1. A gas analysis apparatus, consisting of burette; a leveling bottleeach having a disthereof, one of said displacement vessels being open tothe air land the absorption ves-y sel of said last mentioneddisplacement vessaid other displacement vessels; a stop cock tube onsaid burette having a stop cock thereon; tubes connecting each of saidabsorption-vessels with said burette and a stop cock on eachv of saidtubes. y Witnesses 2. A gas analysis apparatus consisting of H. H.BABcooK, a gas measuring burette having a tube and E. M. LORENZ.

n'ected at the top thereof with a stop cock from each of said lastmentioned stop cocks` rette; a displacement vessel connected with eachhaving a v dis#

